Analyse and Compare the Significance and Effectiveness of...

It is a common view that the opening and ending of a novel is considered the most memorable and pertinent. Therefore, both authors, Ishiguro and Atwood, utilise openings and endings in their novels significantly. The opening of a novel plays a major part in establishing the tone of what is to come, with the ending leaving a lasting, final impression on the reader. The security of the first person narration in Never Let Me Go encourages the reader to engage with Kathy H in order to destroy our relationship at the end. This disillusionment serves to anger the reader and fuel our sense of disappointment. Never Let Me Go ends in uncertainty as Kathy drives away still looking for Hailsham yet for the reader there is no uncertainty; we know†¦show more content†¦Therefore the story of Offred is also questioned in the ending, the Historical Notes. In the beginning we are immediately plunged into a rather fragmented narrative, and a seemingly nightmarish world (in this case the dyst opian setting is Gilead) where we know very little about what is going on or what is going to happen to Offred, the main character, sleeping in a gym guarded by ‘aunts’. The state of shock and bewilderment created leads to the rest of the opening being read in a state of suspense. The setting of a disused university gymnasium helps to achieve a sense of tension as it subtly reminds the reader of the ideas of nuclear fallout: Offred had ‘slept in what had once been the gymnasium’. Gymnasiums often feature in journalism as emergency centres; this location immediately suggests to the reader that something is wrong. The reader is confused as the narrative starts seemingly with a crisis though what that causes is not stated. The first chapter is in past tense and is used to establish her situation and explore how the gymnasium represents the past, with Offred wistfully longing for days of a bygone era. This is reinforced by the narrator reminiscing about high school dances that would have been held in the gym, ‘girls felt skirted†¦later in mini skirts’. 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